Atypical parkinsonism refers to a group of neurological disorders that cause symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease (PD), such as tremors, stiffness, and movement difficulties, but with distinct features and progression. The most common forms include progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

While both conditions share movement-related symptoms, atypical parkinsonism often progresses more quickly, responds less to common Parkinson’s medications (like levodopa), and presents additional symptoms, such as difficulties with balance, speech, and autonomic functions (e.g., blood pressure, bladder control).

Early symptoms can vary depending on the specific type of atypical parkinsonism but may include:

• Unexplained falls
• Difficulty with eye movements or focusing
• Severe stiffness and rigidity
• Speech difficulties
• Poor balance
• Cognitive changes (in some cases)

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging tests (such as MRI or PET scans), and ruling out other conditions like Parkinson’s disease. It can sometimes be challenging, as symptoms overlap with other neurological disorders.

Treatment for atypical parkinsonism focuses on managing symptoms, as there is no cure. This may include:

• Medications to help with movement, though they are often less effective than in PD
• Physical, occupational, and speech therapies
• Management of other symptoms like blood pressure changes, bladder control, and swallowing issues
• Regular monitoring by a neurologist specializing in movement disorders

Yes, several lifestyle changes can improve quality of life:

• Regular physical exercise to maintain mobility and strength
• A balanced diet to support overall health
• Creating a safe home environment to reduce the risk of falls
• Speech and swallowing exercises if there are difficulties in communication or eating

Caring for someone with atypical parkinsonism can be challenging. Support services may include:

Respite care to give caregivers a break
Support groups for emotional and practical advice
Professional in-home care assistance
Educational resources on disease progression and management

The progression of atypical parkinsonism varies depending on the specific type but is generally faster than typical Parkinson’s disease. Symptoms may worsen over months to a few years, and early intervention with therapies can help manage this.

While levodopa (commonly used for Parkinson’s disease) can be prescribed, its effectiveness in atypical parkinsonism is often limited. Some patients may experience mild benefits, but these are typically short-lived or less significant.

Atypical parkinsonism is progressive and currently incurable. However, with appropriate symptom management, many patients can maintain a good quality of life for several years. Early diagnosis and intervention can help slow the progression of certain symptoms.

It’s important to plan ahead for medical, emotional, and financial challenges. This includes:

• Discussing long-term care options
• Planning for assistive devices (wheelchairs, communication aids)
• Considering advanced directives and legal planning for healthcare decisions

Most forms of atypical parkinsonism are not inherited. However, there are rare cases where family history may play a role, especially with some types of dementia with Lewy bodies. Genetic counseling can help clarify this risk for certain individuals.